Trends in MDMA‐related mortality across four countries
نویسندگان
چکیده
Aims To determine trends in 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-related death rates across Australia, Finland, Portugal and Turkey to analyse the toxicology causes of countries. Design Analysis MDMA-related deaths extracted from a national coronial database Australia (2001–19) forensic databases Finland (2001–17), (2008–19) (2007–17). Presentation MDMA use seizure data (market indicators). Setting Turkey. Cases All which was considered by pathologist be contributory death. Measurements Information collected on cause circumstances death, demographics toxicology. Findings A total 1400 were identified Turkey, 507 100 45 Portugal. The median age ranged 24 27.5 years, males represented between 81 94% Standardized mortality significantly increased all four countries 2011 2017 during period purity availability MDMA. underlying predominantly due drug toxicity (n = 309, 61%), 70, 70%) 840, 60%) other 25, 56%). Minorities alone (13–25%). These had higher blood concentration than multiple Drugs commonly detected stimulants (including cocaine, amphetamine methamphetamine) (Australia 52% 61%) alcohol 46% 49%). In addition toxicity, benzodiazepines (81%) opioids (64%) these Finland. comparison, synthetic cannabinoids (15%) cannabis (33%) present minority Conclusions Deaths related (MDMA) 2017. show can fatal, but remains more prevalent.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Addiction
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0965-2140', '1360-0443']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15493